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(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
mail — 发送邮件
$to,$subject,$message,$additional_headers = [],$additional_params = ""发送一封电子邮件。
to
电子邮件收件人，或收件人列表。
本字符串的格式必须符合 » RFC 2822。例如：
subject
电子邮件的主题。
本项不能包含任何换行符，否则邮件可能无法正确发送。
message
所要发送的消息。
行之间必须以一个 CRLF（\r\n）分隔。每行不能超过 70 个字符。
（Windows 下）当 PHP 直接连接到 SMTP 服务器时，如果在一行开头发现一个句号，则会被删掉。要避免此问题，将单个句号替换成两个句号。
<?php
$text = str_replace("\n.", "\n..", $text);
?>
additional_headers（可选项）String or array to be inserted at the end of the email header.
This is typically used to add extra headers (From, Cc, and Bcc). Multiple extra headers should be separated with a CRLF (\r\n). If outside data are used to compose this header, the data should be sanitized so that no unwanted headers could be injected.
If an array is passed, its keys are the header names and its values are the respective header values.
注意:
Before PHP 5.4.42 and 5.5.27, repectively,
additional_headersdid not have mail header injection protection. Therefore, users must make sure specified headers are safe and contains headers only. i.e. Never start mail body by putting multiple newlines.
注意:
When sending mail, the mail must contain a
Fromheader. This can be set with theadditional_headersparameter, or a default can be set in php.ini.Failing to do this will result in an error message similar to
Warning: mail(): "sendmail_from" not set in php.ini or custom "From:" header missing. TheFromheader sets alsoReturn-Pathwhen sending directly via SMTP (Windows only).
注意:
If messages are not received, try using a LF (\n) only. Some Unix mail transfer agents (most notably » qmail) replace LF by CRLF automatically (which leads to doubling CR if CRLF is used). This should be a last resort, as it does not comply with » RFC 2822.
additional_params (optional)
The additional_params parameter
can be used to pass additional flags as command line options to the
program configured to be used when sending mail, as defined by the
sendmail_path configuration setting. For example,
this can be used to set the envelope sender address when using
sendmail with the -f sendmail option.
This parameter is escaped by escapeshellcmd() internally to prevent command execution. escapeshellcmd() prevents command execution, but allows to add additional parameters. For security reasons, it is recommended for the user to sanitize this parameter to avoid adding unwanted parameters to the shell command.
Since escapeshellcmd() is applied automatically, some characters that are allowed as email addresses by internet RFCs cannot be used. mail() can not allow such characters, so in programs where the use of such characters is required, alternative means of sending emails (such as using a framework or a library) is recommended.
The user that the webserver runs as should be added as a trusted user to the sendmail configuration to prevent a 'X-Warning' header from being added to the message when the envelope sender (-f) is set using this method. For sendmail users, this file is /etc/mail/trusted-users.
Returns true if the mail was successfully accepted for delivery, false otherwise.
It is important to note that just because the mail was accepted for delivery, it does NOT mean the mail will actually reach the intended destination.
| 版本 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 7.2.0 |
现在 additional_headers 参数开始支持 array。
|
示例 #1 Sending mail.
Using mail() to send a simple email:
<?php
// The message
$message = "Line 1\r\nLine 2\r\nLine 3";
// In case any of our lines are larger than 70 characters, we should use wordwrap()
$message = wordwrap($message, 70, "\r\n");
// Send
mail('caffeinated@example.com', 'My Subject', $message);
?>
示例 #2 Sending mail with extra headers.
The addition of basic headers, telling the MUA the From and Reply-To addresses:
<?php
$to = 'nobody@example.com';
$subject = 'the subject';
$message = 'hello';
$headers = 'From: webmaster@example.com' . "\r\n" .
'Reply-To: webmaster@example.com' . "\r\n" .
'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion();
mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);
?>
示例 #3 Sending mail with extra headers as array
This example sends the same mail as the example immediately above, but passes the additional headers as array (available as of PHP 7.2.0).
<?php
$to = 'nobody@example.com';
$subject = 'the subject';
$message = 'hello';
$headers = array(
'From' => 'webmaster@example.com',
'Reply-To' => 'webmaster@example.com',
'X-Mailer' => 'PHP/' . phpversion()
);
mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);
?>
示例 #4 Sending mail with an additional command line parameter.
The additional_params parameter
can be used to pass an additional parameter to the program configured
to use when sending mail using the sendmail_path.
<?php
mail('nobody@example.com', 'the subject', 'the message', null,
'-fwebmaster@example.com');
?>
示例 #5 Sending HTML email
It is also possible to send HTML email with mail().
<?php
// Multiple recipients
$to = 'johny@example.com, sally@example.com'; // note the comma
// Subject
$subject = 'Birthday Reminders for August';
// Message
$message = '
<html>
<head>
<title>Birthday Reminders for August</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Here are the birthdays upcoming in August!</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Person</th><th>Day</th><th>Month</th><th>Year</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Johny</td><td>10th</td><td>August</td><td>1970</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sally</td><td>17th</td><td>August</td><td>1973</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
';
// To send HTML mail, the Content-type header must be set
$headers[] = 'MIME-Version: 1.0';
$headers[] = 'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1';
// Additional headers
$headers[] = 'To: Mary <mary@example.com>, Kelly <kelly@example.com>';
$headers[] = 'From: Birthday Reminder <birthday@example.com>';
$headers[] = 'Cc: birthdayarchive@example.com';
$headers[] = 'Bcc: birthdaycheck@example.com';
// Mail it
mail($to, $subject, $message, implode("\r\n", $headers));
?>
注意:
If intending to send HTML or otherwise Complex mails, it is recommended to use the PEAR package » PEAR::Mail.
注意:
The SMTP implementation (Windows only) of mail() differs in many ways from the sendmail implementation. First, it doesn't use a local binary for composing messages but only operates on direct sockets which means a
MTAis needed listening on a network socket (which can either on the localhost or a remote machine).Second, the custom headers like
From:,Cc:,Bcc:andDate:are not interpreted by theMTAin the first place, but are parsed by PHP.As such, the
toparameter should not be an address in the form of "Something <someone@example.com>". The mail command may not parse this properly while talking with the MTA.
注意:
It is worth noting that the mail() function is not suitable for larger volumes of email in a loop. This function opens and closes an SMTP socket for each email, which is not very efficient.
For the sending of large amounts of email, see the » PEAR::Mail, and » PEAR::Mail_Queue packages.
注意:
The following RFCs may be useful: » RFC 1896, » RFC 2045, » RFC 2046, » RFC 2047, » RFC 2048, » RFC 2049, and » RFC 2822.
